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铁路工程毕业论文-铁路工程硕士论文|铁路工程论文网 目录
基本介绍 According to gauge the division of railway kinds division According to railway traction power division According to the task of railway freight volume and division World railway development situation origin development China's railway development brief The world famous railway engineering the Swiss mountains railway South America mountain railway North America of the transcontinental railroad The Soviet union Siberian railway Japanese high speed railway The French high-speed railway The modern railway development trend and reviewed in this paper speed Increase load The new subject Introduces basic According to gauge the division of railway kinds division According to railway traction power division According to the task of railway freight volume and division World railway development situation origin development China's railway development brief The world famous railway engineering the Swiss mountains railway South America mountain railway North America of the transcontinental railroad The Soviet union Siberian railway Japanese high speed railway The French high-speed railway The modern railway development trend and reviewed in this paper speed Increase load The new subject
基本介绍 Process including and the first railway civil (rail, road foundation, bridge, tunnel, station), machinery (locomotive, vehicle) and signal and other projects. Along with the development of the construction and technology further division of labor, some engineering gradually formed for independent academic discipline, such as the locomotive engineering, vehicle engineering, signal engineering; In addition, some engineering gradually into their respective this subject, such as bridge engineering, tunnel project. Now a word has been the railway engineering only in narrow sense means: railway route, railway tracks, roadbed and railway station and hub, which station design in China and the Soviet union were classed as though about college "transport" professional, but in all countries in Europe, the United States still "railway engineering". But transportation and engineering design station two professional personnel all should possess the knowledge, and station project is an important part of the railway engineering.
铁路种类的划分 By 1435 mm countries standard gauge (about 62%). There are a few countries or regions adopt KuanGui (about 17%), such as the 1676 mm (Argentina, India, Spain, Portugal, etc), 1600 mm (Australia, Brazil, etc), 1524 mm (the Soviet union, panama, etc), 1500 mm (the French part). Narrow the rail countries and regions also many (about 21%), such as the 1372 mm (Japan part), 1067 mm (most of Japan, the Philippines, South Africa, Taiwan province), 1050 mm (parts of Africa), 1000 mm (Malaysia, myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and a fraction of China's), 1000 mm the following gauge of 5 and, most used for mountain, islands, local railway private sidings with factories and mines. According to railway traction power division Have electric traction, internal combustion steam traction and three. Though steam locomotive is originated the first railway power, but due to air pollution, the thermal efficiency is low and the noise is too large, has gradually be eliminated or only for small traffic lines. Electric locomotive power is stronger, internal combustion engines and flexible, both in what traction power, it depends on the size and energy distribution, traffic volume natural conditions and decide. According to the task of railway freight volume and division Countries are divided into several levels of railway general, in some countries, the railway lines, extension and mountainous area divided into line. China's national railway is divided into Ⅰ level, Ⅱ level, Ⅲ level and local railway. (1) Ⅰ level railway. In the network of the backbone role, forward (refers to the operating above 10 years) years ended at freight transportation can railway engineering Force more than 800 ~ 10 million tons of people. (2) level Ⅱ railway. In the network of a support role contact, a forward years ended at freight transportation capacity is equal to or greater than the 5 million tons. (3) level Ⅲ railway. The nature of the local railway, the forward years ended at less than 5 million tons of freight transportation capacity of. All countries to each level railway in the plain area and mountainous provisions of the different line standard (slope, curve radius, etc) and construction standards. For example, China Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ level of slope largest railway for 6 ‰ respectively provisions (difficult section 12 ‰), 12 ‰, 15 ‰; When strength traction internal combustion engines line gradient can improve the largest for 25 ‰, electric locomotives for 30 per thousand; Minimum curve radius also have corresponding difference. In building standards, for example: Ⅰ, Ⅱ level requirements can resist 100 line of the worst flooding, Ⅲ level requirement can resist of the worst flooding in 50 years. Bridge load, rail structure are also different. In the passenger train and specialized mainly driving the passenger train railway, according to the provisions of the line is to train speed the technical standard. China has in place of railway, and the countries of the private railway similar, each of the railway gauge, grade and standards are not uniform. Gauge, traction power types and railway level not only reflect the performance of the railway, and also decided to various buildings on the railroad of railway engineering Standard and general engineering investment and operating expenditures. Practical application, and according to the conditions of the more standard and the specific design decision lines.
世界铁路发展概况 Tooth rail motorcycle. These are to the formation of the railway prepared conditions. In 1823 the British people g. Stephenson built and accept the equipment stockton to reach for the task of railway spirit. He made a steam locomotive and by its help, in September 27, more than 20 kilometers long built this standard gauge railroad. Is recognized as the world first mechanical traction railway. But the real start of railway era, from September 15, 1830 built since Liverpool to Manchester after the railway, starting with the high speed railway, low fares, a reliable transport function to cause the attention of the world. Railway in the industrial revolution generation, at the same time in the very great degree help the industrial revolution and the realization of the development. development 1830 years later, the United States, France, Germany, Russia, Italy, Canada and other countries have started to build railways, gradually later expanded to all over the world. American railway construction development fastest. In 1916 the United States to railway has reached 406802 km total mileage. The fastest growing is 1881 ~ 1890 years of 10 years, built 11000 kilometers per year on average. 1916 years after the United States no longer build new routes, the power transfer to existing lines and transformation of adjustment, and the part of the parallel without the economic benefits of the railway demolished. Therefore, to 1980, the total mileage for railway business 318505 km. By 1980, there were about 1300000 kilometers in the world of railway. Railway engineering
中国铁路发展简况 Continue to show up, to 1894 build a 282 km, laid the jingshan (Beijing-shanhaiguan) railway foundation. By 1911, the qing government built 9100 km of railway, mainly in Beijing (Beijing-is now reared shenyang), Beijing (Beijing-hankou), nanjing-chuxian section on jin-pu railway (tianjin-nanjing pu mouth), Beijing zhang (Yale) railway. Most of them for the foreigner involved in building management. Only jiakou railway is presided over by Chinese people, using their money and engineering technique power built (see zhan tianyou). From 1911 to 1937, China built 9893 km of new. Main have YueHan (guangzhou-hankou), with pu (datong-PuZhou, today the wind ling cross), zhejiang-jiangxi (hangzhou-pingxiang-zhuzhou), the longhai (baoji haizhou, today-lianyungang) and Japan invaded the northeast in northeast China, the building after makes. The Anti-Japanese War, in difficult conditions, and built XiangGui, guangxi and guizhou part of xiangqian pierces railway. In 1945 the national railway total mileage for 30186 kilometers, among which, 11335 km northeast, north and the northwest 8527 kilometers, 6110 miles (kilometers) south of the Yangtze river, Taiwan 3925 kilometers, 289 miles (kilometers) of hainan island. During 1946 ~ 1949, basic no railway construction. The People's Republic was founded with the railway traffic mileage for 21989 km (not including Taiwan railway). 1949 years later, China railway traffic get vigorous development, its main features are: (1) railway line to the northwest, southwest extensions and reverse the attention and ignore the past coastal inland railway construction unreasonable layout, to promote inland resources development, social prosperity and strengthening national defense construction railway engineering Play a positive role; Now railway has already spread all provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions; (2) the past for foreign forces and local forces of the divided by the railway system, the transformation even become an organic whole, in unified on management; To 1980 opening total mileage for 51940 km (not including Taiwan province), initially forming network frame (figure 1); (3) the construction in new most difficult terrain, geological complex mountainous area, and engineering arduous. The old line of strengthening and transformation, built a lot of railway, greatly increase the transmission capacity. According to 1980 statistics, China railway undertaking the national freight turnover of around 50% of passenger turnover of around 60%.
世界著名铁路工程 A new development in heavy. speed After Japan after the success of high speed railway, France, Italy, and Germany, Britain, Sue federal, the United States and other countries with different methods of railway passenger train speed to improve. In technology, the traditional rail will passenger train speed increased to 250 kilometers per hour or so has become possible. In addition, Germany, Japan, France and other countries are exploring of maglev railway, test speed has break 500 km. Increase load Refers to: (1) increased freight vehicle load, in the original bridge and rail load potential range improve vehicle axle load and increase the number of shaft, truck load up to 100 tons. (2) the increase in the number of vehicles, the compositions of the train for 100 ~ 150 cars, the most up to 200 vehicles, with the locomotive 5 ~ 8 sets points in all hang train, the railroad train for 1800 ~ 4000 m, train 1 ~ 20000 tons of cargo load. (3) the development cycle special train or unit train, which is a specific users only make up the integration of non-stop trains, cars, and in two fixed station (such as mining, ports, etc.) between operation cycle. Overloaded transport of the train to grow up the railway engineering This in the United States than ordinary freight train by about 1/3 to 1/4, freight volume big line in there any significant economic benefits. The new subject The development of the modern railway to railway project put forward some new problems, for example: passenger and cargo line between big differences between the standard; And the second line of best time; Stand ping length, slope, the optimization design of the curve; The strength of track structure and stability, are yet to be discussing deeply. (责任编辑：工程师职称论文代写) |
